Organisms that can grow in a “extreme environment”, such as the high temperature environment, are called extremophiles. These organisms have unique biomolecules that are adapted to the environment in which they grow. A typical example are enzymes that catalyse most of chemical reactions in cells. General enzymes lose their molecular structure and function in high temperatures (e.g., 80°C), however hyperthermophiles, which can grow at 100°C, have enzymes with a unique structure that can maintain their function even at 100℃. Proteins from extremophiles can enable new chemical reactions that have not been possible with normal enzymes. We will conduct research to elucidate the structure and function of extremophiles, and apply them to industrial applications.